API is short for American Petroleum Institute, which stands for the American Oil Association. The policies, protocols, production standards, and pipe standards of API have been designed and presented to the world in this collection.

Unfortunately, in many websites and sources, incorrect information has been provided, and correct concepts for API pipes are not used.

Isfahan Gas API Pipe | What does API stand for

To get more familiar with API pipes, we first provide a general description of API pipe groups and API sheet. Then, Isfahan Gas API pipe, which is one of the subgroups of API pipes, will be explained in detail.

History and Background of API Pipe:

Basically, whenever the discussion of transporting a fluid such as gas or oil arises, you are directly dealing with pressure concepts. In the last 40 years, significant changes have been made in the design and materials of oil and gas pipeline systems worldwide.

As the need for high-speed transportation of oil products and gas in intercity pipelines increased rapidly, it became necessary to increase the pressure of the pipes, increase the speed of transportation, and carry out this transportation in the fastest possible time.

Sometimes, the pressure inside oil transmission pipelines ranges from 10 to 15 megapascals, equivalent to about 100 to 150 bar pressure. Such high pressure requires pipes with suitable thickness and high pressure tolerance. Therefore, API sheets and types of API pipes entered the oil market.

API sheets and API steels, due to their high pressure tolerance, are used not only in the oil and gas industries but also in shipbuilding industries.

What is API Steel:

API steel is the same as carbon manganese steel with very small amounts of microalloy elements added to it, which have increased its strength.

Features of API Steel:

Some very important characteristics of API steel are as follows:

They have very high yield strength.

They have relatively high and desirable elongation.

The transition temperature from ductile to brittle fracture is low.

High toughness is present in this steel.

What is Toughness in Steel?

The term toughness refers to the ability of steel to absorb energy and undergo plastic deformation before fracture.

Another definition of toughness is the resistance of steel to fracture when subjected to stress. The unit of toughness is joules per cubic meter.

API 5L pipe standard and technical specifications, dimensions, and materials of API Grade B pipe:

The dimensional standard of API 5L pipe is in accordance with ASME B36.10 and has the following specifications:

API 5L Grade B pipe is produced in grades B-X42-X52-X56-X60-X65-X70.

API 5L pipe is produced in diameters of ½, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 26, 40.

API Grade B pipe is produced in SCH 10, SCH 20, SCH 40, SCH STD, SCH 80, SCH XS, SCH 160 ranges.

Types of API Pipes:

Types of API Pipes

API pipes are available in 2 types: seamless and welded pipes in Iran. Unfortunately, the seamless type without seams is less known. Most people and the market only refer to API pipes as part of API pipes like Isfahan pipes.

API pipes are divided into two main groups, PSL1 and PSL2, based on their mechanical and chemical properties.

What is PSL Pipe?

First, we need to know what PSL is. PSL refers to specific categories of products.

Pipes are produced in various corrosive and non-corrosive environments. Pipes that are placed in corrosive environments need to be resistant to these conditions. On the other hand, for normal environments, high-quality and standard pipes are used for this purpose. Pipes are divided into two categories, PSL1 and PSL2.

Differences between PSL1 and PSL2 pipes:

The difference between PSL1 and PSL2 pipes lies in material analysis and mechanical properties such as toughness and the like.

Although this article does not delve into these details, the differences between PSL1 and PSL2 pipes are mentioned in a headline format:

Chemical properties

Mechanical properties

Manufacturing method

Repair method

Welding

Certification

Differences between PSL1 and PSL2 pipes in chemical properties:

The first difference is the carbon element.

The maximum carbon content in seamless PSL1 pipe is 0.28%. For Grade B and higher grades, for all PSL2 grades, the maximum carbon is 0.24%.

For welded PSL1 pipes, the maximum carbon is 0.26 for Grade B and higher, for all PSL2 welded pipes, the maximum carbon is 0.22%. Therefore, the only difference is in grades lower than A.

The second element is phosphorus. For PSL2 pipes, the maximum phosphorus is 0.03% for Grade B and higher. For all PSL2 pipe grades, the maximum phosphorus is 0.03%. Thus, the only difference is in grades lower than A.

The third element is sulfur. For PSL1 pipes, the maximum sulfur is 0.03%. For PSL2 pipes, the maximum sulfur is 0.02%.

In addition to the three mentioned elements, carbon equivalence is mandatory for PSL2 pipes. It is required for each grade, but for PSL1 pipes, it is only necessary when the buyer specifies SR18.

SR18 means the need for a factor of 18.

Differences between PSL1 and PSL2 pipes in mechanical properties:

For PSL2, there are limited maximum yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation. While for PSL1 pipes, minimum requirements are sufficient.

The second requirement for PSL2 pipes is fracture toughness, which is not required for PSL1 pipes.

Differences between PSL1 and PSL2 pipes in manufacturing:

PSL1 pipes are available from sizes 80 - 0.405 inches, while the smallest diameter available for PSL2 pipes is 4.5 inches, and the largest is 80 inches. PSL1 pipes are available in various types, including lined, plain, and helical pipes, while PSL2 pipes are only available in plain type.

Differences between PSL1 and PSL2 pipes in repair and welding:

All welding methods are used for producing PSL1 pipes. However, continuous welding is limited in Grade 25A.

For welded PSL2 pipes, except for continuous welding and laser welding, other welding methods are not acceptable.

For electronic welding of PSL2 pipes, the welding frequency must be at least 100 kilohertz, whereas there are no restrictions for PSL1 pipes.

Thermal operations for electronic welding are required for all grades of PSL2 pipes, while they are not required for PSL1 pipes.

Welding repairs are not allowed for PSL2 pipes, while they are allowed for PSL1 pipes.

Repairs and welding without filler metal are not allowed for PSL2 pipes, but are allowed for PSL1 pipes with the buyer's permission.

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